Free Essays on Vanessa Carlton

Vanessa Carlton is another youthful craftsman that has made some amazing progress in an exceptionally short measure of time. She got a four star rating on her presentation collection, Be Not Nobody. That says a great deal for a youthful craftsman nowadays. She has a lovely voice, however she can play the piano like Beethoven. She even keeps in touch with her own verses and Alicia Keys impacted her. Despite the fact that individuals may state that they sound the same, they are completely various craftsmen. Stephen Erlewine, the essayist from allmusicguide.com, says that she has the spirit looking of Fiona Apple and the exact complexities of Rick Wakeman. Her style is extremely laid-back and unwinding. She utilizes a great deal of symphonic mood melodies to help her Spring-like voice. The outcome is something very astounding: it has a mind-boggling, sweet, multi-layered intrigue to individuals all things considered and societies. The primary individual who really acquainted me with her music was one of my person companions. He is just twenty and he is African American. I was amazed to hear that he moved out of his ordinary rap music and really focused on somebody like Vanessa Carlton. At the point when I originally heard her voice, I considered twenty-six years of age. I was before long alarmed when I discovered that she was just my age. You may ask why individuals are so captivated by her and her music. The appropriate response exists in her novel voice and connecting with songs. She isn't simply the typical centered† diva. She isn’t the normal â€Å"buy my music since I have a youthful attractive body,† bid either. She simply has the â€Å"oomph† that you have to need to turn into a decent craftsman nowadays. On the off chance that our class were to isolate into two gatherings of individuals who like her music, and individuals who don’t like her music, I am practically positive that most of our group would be on the room that loves her music since she is so inconceivably gifted. Her collection appeared in April of 2002 and has done incredibly well in collection deals. As Erlewine s... Free Essays on Vanessa Carlton Free Essays on Vanessa Carlton Vanessa Carlton is another youthful craftsman that has progressed significantly in an extremely short measure of time. She got a four star rating on her introduction collection, Be Not Nobody. That says a ton for a youthful craftsman nowadays. She has an excellent voice, yet she can play the piano like Beethoven. She even keeps in touch with her own verses and Alicia Keys impacted her. Despite the fact that individuals may state that they sound the same, they are totally various craftsmen. Stephen Erlewine, the author from allmusicguide.com, says that she has the spirit looking of Fiona Apple and the exact complexities of Rick Wakeman. Her style is exceptionally laid-back and unwinding. She utilizes a great deal of instrumental ambient sounds to help her Spring-like voice. The outcome is something very astonishing: it has a staggering, sweet, multi-layered intrigue to individuals everything being equal and societies. The main individual who really acquainted me with her music was one of my person companions. He is just twenty and he is African American. I was shocked to hear that he moved out of his ordinary rap music and really focused on somebody like Vanessa Carlton. At the point when I previously heard her voice, I considered twenty-six years of age. I was before long frightened when I discovered that she was just my age. You may ask why individuals are so charmed by her and her music. The appropriate response exists in her one of a kind voice and drawing in songs. She isn't simply the typical centered† diva. She isn’t the normal â€Å"buy my music since I have a youthful attractive body,† offer either. She simply has the â€Å"oomph† that you have to need to turn into a decent craftsman nowadays. In the event that our class were to partition into two gatherings of individuals who like her music, and individuals who don’t like her music, I am practically positive that most of our group would be on the room that loves her music since she is so unbelievably skilled. Her collection appeared in April of 2002 and has done very well in collection deals. As Erlewine s...

A critical analysis of the role and functioning of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) as it relates to Newland

Conceptual This paper gives an examination of the job and working of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as it identifies with Newland. Insights regarding the WTO Agreement are introduced just as about the full effect of WTO enrollment. Positive and negative parts of WTO enrollment are laid out so as to give an applicable record of the job and effect of this worldwide foundation on the working of part states, including Newland. The paper likewise presents data about the conventional thought of state power and how the procedure of globalization powers individuals to reevaluate this idea and supplant it with the possibility of government assistance states. Presentation The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been similarly lauded and condemned as a worldwide establishment which is liable for the upkeep of exchange between nations (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). Delegates of various developments, for example, Globaphile and Globaphobe, have presented their contentions with respect to the effect of WTO. Explaining the reason for WTO and the WTO Agreement is critical to give huge bits of knowledge into the working of associations in the field of worldwide exchange (Daemmrich, 2011). The target of this paper is to fundamentally break down the job and working of WTO as it identifies with Newland. Reason for WTO and WTO Agreement The World Trade Organization (WTO) developed as a persuasive body in the worldwide business condition. As a worldwide association, WTO manages the worldwide standards of exchange between various countries. The significant capacity of WTO is to guarantee that worldwide exchange relations are led in a free, legitimate and smooth way (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). The center of the framework is spoken to by the idea of multilateral exchange relations which have been indicated as WTO’s understandings. Most of exchanging nations is liable for consenting to and arranging these arrangements. A portion of the fundamental understandings introduced by this organization remember Agreement for Agriculture (AoA), General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Accordingly, such understandings rise as a strong legitimate establishment for universal exchange (Matsushita et al. 2006). Subsequently, part nations are ensured fundamental exchange rights. Moreover, national governments are required to keep up their exchange approaches inside explicit limits request to consent to the interests of every single worldwide partner (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). The essential objective of WTO is to add to the improved government assistance of the populaces of the part nations. WTO is additionally liable for giving a gathering to dealings among nations. It guarantees the correct working of a question settlement system (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). Ways of life can considerably increment alongside financial development. Nations can accomplish these destinations by taking into consideration the ideal utilization of worldwide assets in accordance with the more extensive viewpoint of manageable turn of events (Matsushita et al., 2006). The center WTO rules and teaches are tied in with opening outside business sectors to assist multinationals, the EU and the United States. It would be in light of a legitimate concern for Newland to acknowledge a progression of new global commitments. It has been contended that WTO’s framework for settling exchange questions between part nations has made a considerable progress (Van lair Bossche and Zdouc, 2013). The WTO Agreement demonstrates the condition that every WTO part ought to guarantee consistence with its laws and guidelines. A huge piece of the duties in this part allude to the issue of inspecting and engaging regulatory choices. The WTO Agreement will beat Newland’s Constitution as far as requiring a correction of the country’s laws and guidelines (Daemmrich, 2011). Newland’s laws ought to be reliable with the prerequisites indicated by the WTO Agreement. For example, Newland may think about the chance to make courts or significant procedures for the audit of every authoritative activity (Milner, 2005). The execution of national treatment and congruity evaluation is required to improve Newland’s courts. The nation may affirm that all laws and authoritative perspectives or apparatuses relating to WTO arrangements might be received. It has been reflected in the writing that most constitutions empower focal governments with a chance to manage exchange and business relations with different countries (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). However, the translation of these lawful arrangements stays testing and indistinct. The wide goal of the WTO Agreement has become a perplexing variable. Newland is relied upon to depict its sacred courses of action and in this way its WTO commitments should be applied in a uniform way all through the country’s region (Van lair Bossche and Zdouc, 2013). Effect of WTO Membership The full effect of WTO enrollment reflects in the advancement of harmony between nations, treatment of contest by applying productive intuition and in the possibility that rules are built up simpler for all individuals (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). What's sans more exchange will in general diminish the typical cost for basic items by giving a wide scope of decisions to buyers as far as items and quality. Other critical impacts that may improve the financial presentation of Newland identify with broad monetary development, expanded national pay and proper administration which cling to strong lawful standards and guidelines (Milner, 2005). WTO enrollment can help Newland present a fair perspective on exchange approach. The emphasis is on balance in the global monetary and political framework. Accordingly, the country’s government would be better positioned to safeguard itself against campaigning rehearsed by thin intrigue gatherings (Narlikar, 2005). Accentuation would be determined to exchange offs that speak to the interests of all partners in the economy. Newland ought to be focused on an autonomous legal audit as a feature of WTO’s worldview for the administration of legitimate standards (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). It is imperative to improve the group of enactment and legal understandings which could be accomplished through WTO participation. Idea of State Sovereignty and Impact of Globalization The conventional idea of state power alludes to a non-physical substance present at the global lawful framework which is overwhelmed by one concentrated government. As per worldwide law, state power demonstrates that a sovereign state ought to have a carefully characterized region, lasting populace and one government (Milner, 2005). In any case, the procedure of globalization powers people to reexamine this idea. Globalization has introduced a double effect on the power of states. The system of human rights has laid out a feeling of commitment of the state towards its residents. However, because of globalization, the implicit understanding has a government assistance segment joined to it (Narlikar, 2005). The procedure of monetary coordination encouraged through the instruments of exchange and improvement just as WTO participation has restricted the arrangement of strategy choices to states. Thus, this perspective has prompted countries’ decreased ability to meet the normal mo netary and legitimate commitments (Milner, 2005). For example, such nations may experience challenges in agreeing to basic legitimate gauges and standards in the worldwide setting. The conventional thought of state power has been supplanted by developing comprehension of country states as government assistance states. Such move of discernment has shown that the emphasis on government assistance is a main component of the worldwide idea of sway. As such, state power has been exposed to changes after some time. The emphasis is on giving government managed savings to the residents of these states (Daemmrich, 2011). This might be the circumstance in the territory of Newland. Financial globalization has shown an expanded extension which reflected in the monetary and lawful working of Newland. Basic parts of monetary globalization incorporate the degrading of monetary forms, severe guideline of capital markets and generous open spending which has prompted critical open deficiencies (Dhar, 2013). Be that as it may, WTO participation can ensure Newland better reconciliation of its exchange and lawful framework. The nation may face legitimate challenges, open up its fin ancial market and decide its own arrangement results. While trying to give the most sensible strategy to Newland, it is fundamental to investigate the negative impacts related with the country’s WTO participation. It has been expressed that WTO is undemocratic, as this organization needs straightforwardness (Milner, 2005). The absence of straightforwardness is a difficult issue to nations considering the improper systems of administration attempted by various states. The WTO rules are set up for partnerships that have an entrance to the dealings. In addition, WTO for the most part attempts activities to privatize noteworthy administrations, including training and human services. Another negative impact of WTO enrollment is that this universal association sabotages national sway and neighborhood dynamic (Dhar, 2013). A contention introduced in this line is that creating nations are kept from the chance to make nearby laws. It very well may be contended that creating nations are in a progressively horrible situation with respect to the lawful framework contrasted with created nations. The necessity of being universally serious postures huge difficulties to WTO individuals (Devuyst and Serdarevic, 2007). That is the reason Newland ought to exceed the points of interest and negative impacts related with WTO participation so as to settle on an enough educated choice. End The current paper broke down the job and working of WTO as it identifies with Newland. Various contentions in favor and against WTO’s predominant ro

Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children

Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children GAD Print Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 08, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 01, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Prevalence Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes and Risk Factors Treatment Coping Skills Tips for Parents/Caregivers View All A certain amount of anxiety is a normal part of a child’s healthy development. Brief separation anxiety, fears of the dark, strangers,  loud noises, or storms are all common worries children may experience as they grow and mature. However, if your child starts to experience more consistent anxiety across a range of topics and areas of their life, such as around school, friends, family, health, and sports, it may be time to consider exploring if they struggle with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).?? As a parent or caregiver, dont let the possibility alarm you. Once you seek help, and if appropriate receive a diagnosis, youre bringing your child one step closer to an improved quality of life. Verywell / JR Bee Prevalence Approximately 15-20% of youth in the general population struggle with anxiety disorders.?? Among children with ADHD, the rate appears to be even higher. As with adults who experience Generalized Anxiety Disorder, female children are twice as likely as their male peers to be diagnosed with GAD. Symptoms and Diagnosis Children with generalized anxiety experience excessive, unrealistic worry and fear about everyday things. They often anticipate disaster or worst-case scenarios. They may also experience restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, fatigue, difficulty swallowing, a need for frequent urination, stomach aches, and sleep difficulties.?? The tension and stress are chronic and debilitating, affecting multiple areas of the childs life. Just getting through the day can be a struggle. A child may recognize their anxiety is exaggerated and still experience great difficulty controlling or managing it. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th edition), often referred to as the DSM-5, outlines specific criteria to be met in order to be properly diagnosed with GAD. For one, symptoms need to be experienced for at least six months in order to be appropriately diagnosed. To make sure that your child is properly diagnosed and cared for most effectively, it is best to have a trained mental health provider to assess your child. There are providers who work specifically with children and adolescents and those who are also trained in working with anxiety disorders. Causes and Risk Factors There is no singular identified cause of generalized anxiety disorder in children or adults. A variety of factors can influence the development and onset of GAD, including genetic predisposition, family dynamics, life experiences, and neurobiological factors.   Children who have experienced challenging life situations or maltreatment may be at greater risk for developing GAD.?? These experiences can leave children feeling uncertain of people and their surroundings, unsafe and out of control of their environment. It is common for people of all ages who have been through experiences of challenge, loss, humiliation or abandonment to feel anxious in future situations of uncertainty and children are no different. Puberty can bring on additional stressors and feelings of self-consciousness that can add to feelings of anxiety.?? Frustrations and repeated difficulties in social relationships and school performance can lead to increased anxiety about being embarrassed in front of peers, as well as fears about letting down parents or teachers. Though these feelings are all normal, if they dont subside with time and, instead, escalate or begin to interfere with your childs daily activities, there may be more cause for concern. Treatment Treatment plans for GAD in children and adolescents are tailored based on their unique situation. There are a variety of options to choose from. Counseling Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic interventions are important in the treatment of GAD in children and adolescents. Counseling offers children a place to share their worries without fear of judgment, rejection, or feeling dismissed.?? Through the process, a trained mental health clinician will help your child with things such as: Openly sharing thoughts and feelingsIdentifying fears and worriesDeveloping positive self-talk to help reduce anxietyIncreasing coping skills like socialization, physical activity, and self-assuranceDeveloping and using relaxation techniques As a caregiver, you and your family will likely be asked to participate in your childs treatment. The counseling professional will often use this time to help educate parents about generalized anxiety disorder, suggest helpful techniques and to allow time for the family to process together some of the childs anxious thoughts and feelings in an effective, healthy way. Medication For situations when a childs anxiety is mild to moderate in terms of the severity and the impact the symptoms are having on daily living, medication may not be necessary. When the anxiety symptoms are moderate to severe, your provider may begin to educate you and your family about options for medication to help control symptoms.?? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, also referred to as SSRIs, tend to be the more commonly prescribed medications prescribed for children and adolescents with anxiety. SSRIs include medications such as: Prozac (fluoxetine)Celexa (citalopram)Zoloft (sertraline)Lexapro (escitalopram) As with all medications, prescriptions used to treat anxiety have risks. Your childs physician or psychiatrist will prescribe them if they believe the benefits outweigh those risks. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Coping Skills There are a variety of coping techniques that children and teens can use to help ease the uncomfortable symptoms of anxiety, socially, behaviorally, and emotionally. Learning what works well for your child is key. You may want to suggest the following ideas and allow your child, depending on age, to choose which ones they would like to try first. Let them know that it is time to explore what works well for them. If a technique doesnt seem to be helping after a period of time, that is okay. Giving them the freedom to let you know what is helping and what doesnt seem to be helping can be beneficial and help to minimize stress. Slowing Down Mindfulness, prayer, relaxation, and breathing exercises are all practices that can help slow down your childs anxious thoughts and emotional responses.?? Anxiety keeps us focused on the what ifs of the future and can rob us of the opportunity to live in the present. Slowing the process down with intentional and peaceful action can be helpful. There are a variety of mindfulness exercises, prayers, meditations, progressive relaxation, and breathing exercises available. Social Connection Anxiety can make children and teens want to isolate from peers and family members. Help your child feel safe to connect with others, offering opportunities to be with family and enjoy each others company by playing games, spending time outdoors together or finding a common interest or hobby. Volunteering in the community can be another wonderful way to help your child stay connected to others. Allow them to explore and identify something they feel passionate about and help them seek out related opportunities in the community to help. Self-Care Sleep routines, eating habits, and physical activity all contribute to your childs well-being.?? Your child might struggle in a certain area like sleep or physical activity, especially if they experience restlessness, muscle tension or fatigue due to their anxiety. Helping your child create a plan of self-care can improve their ability to cope with anxiety and learn to effectively manage stress. Tips for Parents/Caregivers A first step in helping your child manage and overcome anxiety is recognizing it and sometimes this can be difficult. Children struggling with GAD can sometimes be quiet, shy, and cautious. They may be very compliant and eager to please adults. On the other hand, an anxious child may act out with tantrums, crying, avoidance, and disobedience. These behaviors may be misinterpreted as oppositional and difficult when they are actually anxiety related. As a caregiver, it is important to be aware of some of the ways severe anxiety can show up in children. With increased understanding of generalized anxiety disorder, you will be better able to intervene early and find the necessary help. Early intervention and treatment can make a world of difference for your child and can prevent further complications around the anxiety. If you have concerns or questions about possible symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in your child, be sure to talk with your pediatrician or trained mental health professional.

What Is Human Development - 959 Words

When the fetus is still developing, parts of the intestines are pushed outside of the body and held within the umbilical cord by the fast-growing liver. After the 12 weeks of development, the intestines migrate back into the abdomen. At the 12-week mark of my development, my intestines didn’t move. To make matters worse, the placenta was covering the opening of the uterus and started growing into the uterine wall. Luckily, me developing an Omphalocele at the 12th week of pregnancy lead to a premature birth, estimated one month early. If I were carried to term, the placenta would have attached to my mother’s bladder and if the surgeons had to remove it, she would have hemorrhaged during delivery and there is a high possibility that both of†¦show more content†¦We weren’t told his condition, so I packed a bag of his clothes and we left for the hospital. My father in the driver’s seat and my mother still on the phone, I sat in the car calling my sist er to tell her what happened while simultaneously giving my father directions to the hospital neither of us had been to. Saying the car was chaotic would be an understatement. Knowing that there is constant pressure and stress on you during an emergency is an important revelation. I did not want to cause fear when I told my sister that our brother had been shot. I wanted to make sure my parents stayed calm because I knew they were scared of what happened just as much I was and keeping them calm was what was going to keep us sane and driving safely. I never expected this to happen to my family and, although my brother is fine and currently working his dream job, no one knew what was going to happen. I know being a doctor will be just as stressful, more so even, and keeping a clear head in stressful situations is something I have been partially exposed to. From my Sophomore year of high school through my Senior year, I was involved in an organization called Health Occupations Students of America (HOSA). When I decided I wanted to be a part of the organization, I formed a group with four other people, Junior year another member was added. After school, I met up with my group members to research, brainstorm, script, and make a public health presentation for us to show at aShow MoreRelatedWhat Can Psychology Teach Us About Human Development?1558 Words   |  7 PagesPSYCHOLOGY ESSAY WHAT CAN PSYCHOLOGY TEACH US ABOUT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? WORDCOUNT 1532 INTRODUCTION Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions on the two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers such as Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology is derived from the Greek word ‘psyche’ meaning ‘soul’ or ‘mind’. Psychology is both an applied and academic field, that is the scientific study Of behaviour and experience. Research into psychology helps us toRead MoreWhat Is The Theories Of Three Human Development Theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth s Theory Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pages Human development is an essential aspect in early childhood education. This essay is going to discuss the theories of three human development theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory is concerned with family, cultural and social influences and all the other environmental elements. Bowlby’s Attachment theory and Stages of attachment and Ainsworth’s â€Å"Strange Situation† research which breaks down attachment into three types are relatedRead MorePsychology and Understanding Human Behavior1745 Words   |  7 PagesWeek Two: Adolescent Development in the Social Environment Gender and Sexual Orientation | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1 2.1 Describe the social, biological, and psychological development of an individual during adolescence. 2.2 Analyze individual and family interactions associated with adolescence. 2.3 Explain the social constructs of gender and sexual orientation. | | | Reading | Read Ch. 6 of Understanding Human Behavior and the Social EnvironmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Bolsa Familia Springs From A Long Tradition Of Welfare And Development1471 Words   |  6 PagesBolsa Familia springs from a long tradition of welfare and development strategies in Latin America. Economic and social development are of central concern to governments and development agencies worldwide due to their direct link to equality. This can be explained through the well-defined link between income levels and health, education and nutritional outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing inequality in order to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty. Thus, reducing inequalityRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel, Diamond Chronicles History1728 Words   |  7 Pages Human cultures and societies have developed at various rates and achieved different levels of progress over thousands of years, resulting in some societies being labeled as more advanced than others. More advan ced societies experienced complex technologies, evident in their tools and innovations, and more refined cultural structures such as social class and government systems. Other societies experienced slower rates of development as they maintained rudimentary lifestyles with simple technologiesRead MoreFoundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment BSHS 325 Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment The foundation of human development, responds to the breakdown of its commitment to the development of attitudes and skills, which facilitate authentic personal, spiritual, and social development and the transformation throughout an individual’s life span. During an individual’s life span, the foundations of human development begin to change, as the directRead MoreImportance of the Study of HCI for Systems Analysts and the SDLC1020 Words   |  5 Pagesand for the SDLC. The answer to the question is in two parts; reason why 1. reason is simply â€Å"incorporation† and the 2. why is for â€Å"business efficiency†, HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings. A significant number of major corporations and academic institutions now study HCI. Historically and with some exceptions, computer system developers have notRead MoreLifespan Perspectives1061 Words   |  5 PagesLifespan perspectives Although humans seem very different from one another, each human develops partly like everyone else, yet partly like no one else. Most of the time human’s attention is focused on one another’s unique qualities instead of realizing how similar humans really are. In fact, as humans, almost everyone has traveled some similar path. People such as, President Barack Obama, Joan of Arc, and Marilyn Monroe shared similar paths of life span development. Each one began to walk at approximatelyRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Development1536 Words   |  7 Pagesobtain the secrets of human development and identify the exact science behind it. Experts have not been able to discover any exact influences of normal human development, nor have they been able to uncover the exact causes of developmental abnormalities (Disabilities). What they have found can seem quite confusing and has caused much debate among those trying to tackle the answer to the question. Is ones developmental trajectory determined by the highness of their genetics or what they experience fromRead MoreEssay about Human Growth and Development1057 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Growth and Development Peter Nyarkoh PSY/280 July 17, 2010 Khurshid Khan Human Growth and Development Human growth and the life span perspective begin from the day of conception and continue throughout the life span. It is a lifelong process which involves periods and domains of very great importance. Psychologist, sociologist, and others have done many researches into the life span of humans and have made various conclusions as to how humans behave at any given time in the life span

The Disaster Damaged Bhp s Reputation And Benefits

As the shareholder of Samarco, the disaster damaged BHP s reputation and benefits. BHP needs to prepare huge funds for the clean-up bill, potential fines and compensation for those injured or killed people. In stock market, BHP took a beating in trade after the disaster. BHP fell 5.7 per cent in London and grappled with the lowest iron prices in a decade. The exact cause of the burst dam is unclear because the investigation is still continuing. However, a 2013 assessment by the independent Brazilian organisation highlighted concerns about the integrity of the tailings dam and recommended against renewing the licence which was ignored by Samarco (Ricardo, 2016). people have doubted that whether other tailings dams of BHP around the world is structurally sound and raised eyebrows about how they manage the risks at other operations. The disaster raised the suspicion of dependability of tailings dams at other mines owned by BHP. Besides, this disaster reminded people of past failures inc luding the collapse of the BHP Ok Tedi tailings dam in the late of 20st century which is also considered as one of the worst environmental disaster (3). More and more people begin to criticize the operation way of BHP and lose the confidence for BHP due to their failure of diligence responsibilities. The following paragraph on this essay will discuss and analyze whether BHP’s behaviour is ethical or unethical through shareholder and stakeholder theories. The shareholder theory wasShow MoreRelatedBritish Petroleum (Bp) Case Study Essay5543 Words   |  23 PagesPetroleum if we exclude the accident in Mexican Sea has a huge respect and reputation as a stable, developing and profitable corporation. 9 3. Recommendations and implementations 11 3.1. Recommendation A: Establish a trust fund with other oil super-majors 11 3.1.1 Implementation plan for recommendation A 11 3.2. Recommendation B: promotion and PR its past achievements and awards and also continuing building positive reputation 12 3.2.1. Implementation plan for recommendation B 12 4. ConclusionRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagessuch cases. Since the Answer Book is 178 pages long, colleagues may find the use of ‘short keys’ useful when searching for answers. By pressing the and keys together, you will be prompted by a pop-up menu. Type in the question number or key word(s) you are seeking answers for (e.g. ‘2.8.3’ or ‘Bausch Lomb’) and press and the answers should appear right in front of you! I hope that you and your students will find the answers (and they are only suggested answers at best) useful in the teachingRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesfrom mature markets to emerging ones; new product adoption is not keeping pace with the loss of patent protection . . . specialty and niche products are playing a larger role; and regulators, payers and consumers are more carefully weighing the risk/beneï ¬ t factors of pharmaceuticals.1 This case explores some of the trends affecting the ethical (research-based) sector of the industry and invites readers to prepare their own analysis. Industry evolution As described in Box 1, the pharmaceuticalRead MoreTransforming Total Sales into Net Profits51271 Words   |  206 Pagesresource planning systems), but over the past few years, the practice slid rapidly downhill. Even worse, many of the clients complained that their tens of millions of dollars spent on consulting and technology had failed to yield any bottom-line benefits. Jordan’s job was to find new ways for the worldwide practice to deliver real bottom-line value to clients. His initial response to Eli’s premise was, â€Å"For the average company, you are talking about more than doubling profits every year! Most CEOsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, rec ording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Dealing with Office Politics Free Essays

â€Å"There’s too much wrangling and maneuvering going on – I just hate this office politicking†. â€Å"Joe, well he’s a smart political mover – knows exactly how to get what he wants and how to get on. † Whether you hate it, admire it, practice it or avoid it, office politics is a fact of life in any organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Dealing with Office Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now And, like it or not, it’s something that you need to understand and master to be sure of your own success. â€Å"Office politics† are the strategies that people play to gain advantage, personally or for a cause they support. The term often has a negative connotation, in that it refers to strategies people use to seek advantage at the expense of others or the greater good. In this context, it often adversely affects the working environment and relationships within in. Good â€Å"office politics†, on the other hand, help you fairly promote yourself and your cause, and is more often called networking and stakeholder management. Perhaps due to the negative connotation, many people see office politics as something very much to be avoided. But the truth is, to ensure your own success and that of your projects, you must navigate the minefield of Office Politics. If you deny the ‘bad politics’ that may be going on around you, and avoid dealing with them, you may needlessly suffer whilst others take unfair advantage. And if you avoid practicing ‘good politics’, you miss the opportunities to properly further your own interests, and those of your team and your cause. How to cite Dealing with Office Politics, Essay examples

Management Accounting Functioning of a Business Organisation

Question: Discuss about the term for management accounting plays an immense important role in the functioning of a business organisation. Answer: Introduction Management accounting holds an important place in the functioning of the management of a company. The management comprising of senior managerial personnel and the board of directors refer to the reports of management accountants in order to make important managerial decisions (Clinton and White 2012). Management accounting is the interpretation of financial statements drawn up by financial accountants of the company. This report is directed towards bringing out the importance of management accounting, its types and the manner in which analysis is done for helping the management. For the purpose of this report, Associated British Foods PLC (ABF) has been chosen and this report will be discussing matters related to the company. The issue that the report will address is to improve profitability by curtailing costs of the company. The Concept of Management Accounting and ABF The significance of the interpretations and analysis made by a management accountant cannot be overemphasized. In the present scenario, the business environment has become very competitive and companies are required to evaluate their performance at regular intervals. The primary aim of this is to keep a balance between the pre-determined objective of the organization and its current performance (Hemmer and Labro 2016). Management accounting helps an organisation to evaluate its status of its operational activities by comparing it with the previously budgeted figures. As far as the operating activities of ABF is concerned, there is a decrease in the operating profit of the company from 1080 million Euros to 947 million Euros. This difference and variation can be analysed and interpreted with the help of management accounting tools such as variance analysis. Therefore, it can be said that there is a difference between preparing financial statement and interpreting them. In essence, fol lowing are the differences between financial accounting and management accounting (Bennett, Schaltegger and Zvezdov 2013): The reports of the management accountant are for the use of managers and the board of directors of a company in order to have an idea about the performance of the company. Financial statements prepared by a financial accountant are for the use of various external stakeholders rather than for any internal use. Preparing financial statements is a legal obligation of companies under the Corporations Act 2006. Preparation of management accounting reports is for the reference of the internal management. Financial accounting is related to the performance of a company at the end of a financial year. It compares the financial situation of the present year with that of the previous year. Management accounting report is generally concerned with the performance of a department and forecasts future trends for the company (Ter Bogt and Scapens 2014). Financial statements are required to be submitted to the government in a fixed format and have to follow accounting standards, IFRS and GAAP. On the other hand, management accounting report is used internally and does not have to comply with any fixed standards. Financial reports and statements are prepared for a certain period of time namely quarterly, half-yearly or annually. Management accounting reports are made according to the requirements of the organisation. Classification of Cost Cost of an element is the amount of resources sacrificed by the buyer for acquiring the element. In the course of business, companies have to incur various types of costs depending on the requirements of the organisation. Classification of such costs is necessary to have a clear idea about the total resource sacrifice made by the company in order to carry on its business activities. The overall cost of production determines the extent of operating profit made by a company (Chak and Fung 2015). The following chart below illustrates the types of costs that a company has to incur. Costs based on Types Labour Costs: This is the amount expended by the company on labour used to manufacture a product or service. This is further classified as direct labour and indirect labour. Direct labour costs are costs that are directly involved in the manufacturing process of the product. Indirect labour is not directly attributed to the manufacturing process (Katsikas, Dixon and Woodhead 2014). Material Costs: A manufacturing company to procure materials that are required in the manufacturing of products incurs this cost. Material costs can be further classified as direct material and indirect material. Direct material are costs that can be directly attributed to cost of the product. Indirect material costs are costs that cannot be directly attributed to the final product (Johnson 2013). Overhead Costs: These are costs that a manufacturing concern has to incur other than material and labour costs. For example, an accountants salary, electricity expenses, cost of stationery, depreciation of fixed assets, etc. Costs based on Behaviour Variable Costs: Variable costs are costs that increase with an increase in the level of output. The effect is similar in the opposite case. This means there is an increase in the overall variable cost amount when there is an increase in the total manufactured level of products. For example, the cost of raw materials increase when there is an increase in the number of units produced by the manufacturing company (Lopez-Valeiras, Gomez-Conde and Naranjo 2015). Fixed Costs: These costs remain unchanged irrespective of the level of output of a company. Therefore, these costs are self-determining. For example, interest on loans availed remains constant whether the output level of the company is 100 or 0. Fixed costs per unit decreases when there is an increase in the level of output as the total fixed cost amount remains unchanged (Kastberg and Siverbo 2016). Mixed Costs: These are also known as semi-variable costs and constituted the characteristics of both fixed and variable costs. For the convenience of accounting, these costs are separated according to their extent of being fixed and variable. Costs based on Functions Administrative Costs: These are expenses incurred in the general administration of the whole business concern and the general management of the business. These are mostly indirect in nature and are also known as administrative overheads (Sands and Lee 2015). Selling Costs: Selling costs are costs that are related and incurred for selling the goods and services produced by a company. These are also known as selling overheads and are indirect in nature. Production Costs: These costs relate to the expenses incurred in the production process. It consists of material costs, labour costs and research and development costs. All these constitute the total cost of production of the manufacturing concern. Distribution Costs: These indirect costs are related to the distribution of the goods and services of the company. These costs are incurred while transferring the goods to their point of sales. Costa base on Relevance Relevant costs are costs that are relevant to the managerial decision making process. It has not other classification per se. These costs are accounted for and analyses based on the requirements of the management. Relevant cost can be any type of cost that the management of the company thinks to be crucial to their business activities (Li, Sawhney, Arendt and Ramasamy 2012). Variance Analysis Variance analysis is one of the most important tools of management accounting. It is based on the financial results available to the management accountant. The analysis is done by comparing the budgeted figures of a company and the actual financial results of that company at the end of the budget year. Variance analysis emphasizes on the importance of preparing a budget for the operations of the company and set standards for actual performance (Yap et al. 2013). Practically there are differences in the budgeted figures and the actual figures. Variance analysis critically examines these differences and arrives at a proper conclusion as to the reasons for those differences. In the present business environment, constant monitoring and evaluation has become utmost necessary and the management of a company is in a constant endeavour to expand its scope of operations and maximise profits. Periodical evaluations of business performance prepared the company to counter exigencies arising out of its business activities. In order to achieve this goal, management accounting and variance analysis plays a pivotal role. Classification of Variance Analysis As mentioned earlier, variance analysis has become an integral part of a business organisation. There are various types of variance analysis that a management accountant has to perform. This helps him/her to present a true picture of the company to its management. Each analysis is related to a separate business activity of the company. Following are the types of analysis that are performed (Boyns and Edwards 2013). Material Variance: It is the analysis of the difference in the budgeted figures of expenses on material and its actual figures. It encompasses all the costs that have been expended during the budget year for procuring materials required for manufacturing of goods and services. Labour Variance: It is the variance analysis of the total amount expended in labour that was required to manufacture goods and services by the company. It compares the budget amount fixed and the actual expenses that were incurred during the budget year (Nielsen, Mitchell and Nrreklit 2015). Sales Variance: This analysis takes into account the expected sales figure and the actual sales that were generated during the year. It tries to find out the reasons for the difference in the sales figures of the year (Siverbo 2014). Overhead Variance: As mentioned earlier, overheads are the expenses that are incurred by a company other than expenses on material and labour. This category includes all the other types of expenses that are required to be done by an organisation in order to undertake its business activities. Overhead variance analyses the difference between the budget set for these expenses and the actual amount expended under the head (Chen and Lin 2015). Limitations of Variance Analysis Variance analysis is depended on the budget made by the company for a particular year. The assumptions on which the budget is made are subject to various changes. This change affects the actual financial figures of the year. This is one of the major problems faced in doing variance analysis. However, variance analysis faces several other limitations. The first problem that a management accountant faces is the performance of the managerial personnel (Van der Stede 2015). Managers are entrusted with the responsibility of making and overseeing the budget process. The budget helps in establishing standards for the performance of the company. Therefore, it a very important job as the future performance of the company depends on it. If this responsibility is not performed in a proper manner, formulation of strategies and policies beneficial to the company cannot be developed and implemented. The second problem in variance analysis is drawing up of improper financial data. The financial acc ountants are responsible for drawing up budgets based on the results of the previous year. On many occasions, it has been found that forecasting has been done improperly (Taipaleenmki 2014). This affects goal settings to a great extent. Setting of targets is very crucial to the performance of a company and these targets are required to be established practically after analysing the capacity of the company in a proper manner. Thus, if the basis on which variance analysis is to be done is faulty, the results of the analysis will also be wrong. Operational Budgets and its Types Operational budgets are very important for the functioning of an organisation. This budget determines the manner in which valuable resources of an organisation will be utilized. This budget is prepared annually and is very crucial for the evaluation of the operational performance of the organisation (Cooper, Ezzamel and Qu 2012). It mainly includes three elements namely, revenue, expenses and profits. Revenue budget is concerned with evaluating the revenue generated from operational activities of the previous year and the expected revenue for the next year. Expense budget in a similar manner related to the figures of the previous year and the forecast for the next year with respect to the expenses required to be incurred by the organisation. Profit budget measures the operational profits made during the previous year and the expected profit for the next year (Arroyo 2012). Conclusion It can be inferred from the above discussions that management accounting plays an immense important role in the functioning of a business organisation. It deals with the interpretation and analysis of the financial statements prepared by financial accountants and provides guidance to the management of the company to make important managerial decisions. Variance analysis is a tool of management accounting that is used to spot the differences between the budgeted and actual figures of various financial data. Both financial management and management accounting are related but have a few differenced from an analysts point of view. Recommendations Following are the recommendations with respect to management accounting in manufacturing organisations: Accountants should make proper assumptions while preparing the budget based on historical data. Curtailing of expenses will increase operational efficiency and generate greater revenue if alternative sources of material is utilised. A proper market research should be conducted including a study on the competitors in order to get a view of their operational activities. Proper standards should be established for making a practical comparison while evaluating the financial results. References Arroyo, P., 2012. Management accounting change and sustainability: an institutional approach.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,8(3), pp.286-309. Bennett, M.D., Schaltegger, S. and Zvezdov, D., 2013. Exploring corporate practices in management accounting for sustainability. ICAEW. Boyns, T. and Edwards, J.R., 2013. A history of management accounting: The British experience (Vol. 12). Routledge. Chak, S.C. and Fung, H., 2015. Exploring the effectiveness of blended learning in cost and management accounting: An empirical study. In New Media, Knowledge Practices and Multiliteracies (pp. 189-203). Springer Singapore. Chen, C.L. and Lin, P.Y., 2015. Real Earnings Management and Subsequent Accounting Performance: The Moderating Role of Corporate Governance. à ¦Ã…“Æ’Ã ¨Ã‚ ¨Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ «Ã¢â‚¬â€œ, (61), pp.1-36. Clinton, B.D. and White, L.R., 2012. Roles and practices in management accounting.Management Accounting,94(5), pp.37-43. Cooper, D.J., Ezzamel, M. and Qu, S., 2012. Popularizing a management accounting idea: The case of the balanced scorecard.University of Alberta School of Business Research Paper, (2013-03). Hemmer, T. and Labro, E., 2016. Productions and Operations Management Management Accounting. Johnson, H.T., 2013. A New Approach to Management Accounting History (RLE Accounting) (Vol. 41). Routledge. Kastberg, G. and Siverbo, S., 2016. The role of management accounting and control in making professional organizations horizontal. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 29(3). Katsikas, E., Dixon, R. and Woodhead, A., 2014. The development of a framework for understanding management accounting change from a hybrid institutional and managerial perspective. Li, X., Sawhney, R., Arendt, E.J. and Ramasamy, K., 2012. A comparative analysis of management accounting systems impact on lean implementation. International Journal of Technology Management, 57(1/2/3), pp.33-48. Lopez-Valeiras, E., Gomez-Conde, J. and Naranjo-Gil, D., 2015. Sustainable innovation, management accounting and control systems, and international performance. Sustainability, 7(3), pp.3479-3492. Nielsen, L.B., Mitchell, F. and Nrreklit, H., 2015, March. Management accounting and decision making: Two case studies of outsourcing. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 64-82). Elsevier. Sands, J. and Lee, K.H., 2015. Environmental and sustainability management accounting (EMA) for the development of sustainability management and accountability [Guest editorial]. Issues in Social and Environmental Accounting, 9(1), pp.1-4. Siverbo, S., 2014. The Implementation and Use of Benchmarking in Local Government: A Case Study of the Translation of a Management Accounting Innovation.Financial Accountability Management,30(2), pp.121-149. Taipaleenmki, J., 2014. Absence and variant modes of presence of management accounting in new product developmenttheoretical refinement and some empirical evidence. European Accounting Review, 23(2), pp.291-334. Ter Bogt, H.J. and Scapens, R.W., 2014. Institutions, rationality and agency in management accounting: Rethinking and extending the Burns and Scapens Framework. Available at SSRN 2464980. Van der Stede, W.A., 2015. Management accounting: Where from, where now, where to?. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 27(1), pp.171-176. Yap, K.H.A., Lee, T.H., Said, J. and Yap, S.T., 2013. Adoption, Benefits and Challenges of Strategic Management Accounting Practices: Evidence from emerging market. Asia Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 8(2).

Following categories to analyze the ways free essay sample

Use the following categories to analyze the ways in which African American created a distinctive culture in slavery:Family, Music, Oral traditions and Religions. By Cockleshells 997 use the following categories to analyze the ways in which African American created a distinctive culture in slavery:Family, Music, Oral traditions and Religions. Thesis:Len the sasss, enslavement didnt constrict African Americans but more so helped them to develop construct their culture. As in every ethnicity family was crucial to African Americans not even separation could tear them apart.Talons with that, the different ethnicities languages of the u. S. Assisted in making Creole, pidgin, other secret languages amongst slaves. Plus, the variation in religion allowed them to utilize Christianity, Protestantism, Catholicism when making their own religion helped with the creation of voodoo. However, when it came to music they used originality for oral traditions they used folk tales from back at home without U. We will write a custom essay sample on Following categories to analyze the ways or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. Influences. Family TTS:the worst part about slavery was no doubt the separation of loved ones;however, It did form hidden slave communities focused n matriarchy. Many families were broken up by the sale of a member of the family, and yet family connections were often preserved (and many rejoined after the Civil War). Slaves who were sold and moved on to new plantations/farms connected with others who had family members in previous settings from which they had come reinforced many such informal linkages. -Because of the breakup of many families, children were often raised primarily by the mothers, creating female-centered household traditions that persisted after slavery Music TTS:past times from field work household duties helped compose genres of dance music. Gospels, hymns, and spirituals created In religious settings; songs that evolved while working In fields (especially to provide work rhythms) and as expressions of resistance and protest, often In Creole or pledge English not understood by most whites. -Subsequent renowned styles of music, such as the blues and Jazz, evolved out of the various styles sustained during slavery, with reg ional variations. Oral traditions: in African American culture words are a powerful thing, slaves used that belief to their advantage.Heavy reliance on models of oral traditions brought over from Africa and further developed; spread by fugitives, grits, conjurers and shamans (thought to have spiritual or magical powers), slaves sold in the Deep South, and black preachers who embraced Christianity, especially because most white communities prohibited the teaching of literacy to slaves. -Use of folk tales, such as Beer Rabbit, that taught lessons about surviving under oppression. Religionists:African Americans used the diversity of tentacles when constructing their own religion culture.Ideas and practices were disseminated by African American preachers, rebel leaders, abolitionist, and groups such as the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel In Foreign Parts, as well as In churches begun by free slaves as demanding subservience and obedience, the slaves interpreted it as a message of liberation and understood Christ as ministering to the poor and oppressed, not to the rich and oppressive. Conclusion:Len all, the enslavement that African Americans had to endure ultimately made them use their creativity to develop their culture in the U.S. They meticulously merged religions, languages, other cultures from the Spanish, French, other U. S. Inhabitants. They developed dance genres musical genres while working over bearing exhausting Jobs. Their oral traditions were words of spiritual power and also amusing folk tales used for teaching African American youngsters. It ultimately less to famous African American writers speakers. Yet, through the trials faced by slaves in the assess they survived by utilizing what they had making it work for them leading to a distinct African culture.

North American River Otter Facts

North American River Otter Facts The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is a semiaquatic mammal in the weasel family. While it may simply be called the river otter in North America (to distinguish it from the sea otter) there are other river otter species throughout the world. Despite its common name, the North American river otter is equally comfortable in either coastal marine or freshwater habitats. Fast Facts: North American River Otter Scientific Name: Lontra canadensisCommon Names: North American river otter, northern river otter, common otterBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 26-42 inches plus a 12-20 inch tailWeight: 11-31 poundsLifespan: 8-9 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Watersheds of North AmericaPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Least Concern Description The North American river otters body is built for streamlined swimming. It has a stocky body, short legs, webbed feet, and a long tail. In contrast to the European otter, the North American river otter has a longer neck and narrower face. The otter closes its nostrils and small ears when submerged. It uses its long vibrissae (whiskers) to find prey in murky water. North American river otters weigh 11 to 31 pounds and range from 26 to 42 inches long plus a 12 to 20 inch tail. Otters are sexually dimorphic, with males about 5% larger than females. Otter fur is short and ranges in color from light brown to black. White-tipped hairs are common in older otters. River otters use their tails as rudder while swimming. Hailshadow / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution North American river otters live near permanent watersheds throughout North America, from Alaska and northern Canada south to the Gulf of Mexico. Typical habitats include lakes, rivers, marshes, and coastal shorelines. Although largely exterminated in the Midwest, reintroduction programs are helping river otters reclaim part of their original range. Diet River otters are carnivores that hunt fish, crustaceans, frogs, salamanders, waterfowl and their eggs, aquatic insects, reptiles, mollusks, and small mammals. They sometimes eat fruit, but avoid carrion. During winter, otters are active during the daytime. In warmer months, they are most active between dusk and dawn. Behavior North American river otters are social animals. Their basic social unit consists of an adult female and her offspring. Males also group together. Otters communicate by vocalization and scent marking. Young otters play to learn survival skills. River otters are excellent swimmers. On land they walk, run, or slide across surfaces. They may travel as much as 26 miles in a single day. Reproduction and Offspring North American river otters breed between December and April. Embryo implantation is delayed. Gestation lasts 61 to 63 days, but young are born 10 to 12 months after mating, between February and April. Females seek dens made by other animals for giving birth and raising young. Females give birth and raise their pups without aid from their mates. A typical litter ranges from one to three pups, but as many as five pups may be born. Otter pups are born with fur, but are blind and toothless. Each pup weighs about 5 ounces. Weaning occurs at 12 weeks. Offspring venture out on their own before their mother gives birth to her next litter. North American river otters reach sexual maturity at two years of age. Wild otters typically live 8 or 9 years, but may live 13 years. River otters live 21 to 25 years in captivity. Baby river otter. ArendTrent / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies North American river otter conservation status as least concern. For the most part, the species population is stable and otters are being reintroduced into areas from which they vanished. However, river otters are listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) because the species may become endangered if trade is not closely regulated. Threats River otters are subject to predators and disease, but human activities are their greatest threat. Otters are highly susceptible to water pollution, including oil spills. Other important threats include habitat loss and degradation, illegal hunting, vehicle accidents, trapping, and entanglement in fishnets and lines. River Otters and Humans River otters are hunted and trapped for their fur. Otters pose no threat to humans, but in rare cases they have been known to attack dogs. Sources Kruuk, Hans. Otters: ecology, behaviour and conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-19-856586-0.Reid, D.G.; T.E. Code; A.C.H. Reid; S.M. Herrero  Food habits of the river otter in a boreal ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 72 (7): 1306–1313, 1994. doi:10.1139/z94-174Serfass, T., Evans, S.S. Polechla, P. Lontra canadensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T12302A21936349. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12302A21936349.enToweill, D.E. and J.E. Tabor. The Northern River Otter Lutra canadensis (Schreber). Wild mammals of North America (J.A. Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Summary of the vice president debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of the vice president debate - Essay Example He specifically mentioned about the killing of US ambassador in Libya. However, it was Bidden who assertively maneuvered the debate from one issue to another and also started a debate on foreign policy. During the debate it was quite clear that Bidden, due to his experience in Politics, was more mature and assertive in debating on certain issues. Though on economic issues, Ryan was able to highlight some of the weaknesses of the government however, he was clearly not been able to put in a full-fledged attack on Bidden regarding the overall economic performance of Obama regime. Bidden’s arguments for doing much more for the Middle Class of America, tax policies, Medicare and other issues have actually not allowed Ryan to plan a full-fledged attack on the overall policies of Obama government. Ryan also did not seem to be prepared much on the issues of taxes and was pressured by Bidden to go into details which he unfortunately was not able to and thus was clearly lacking a well thought out debate plan. Bidden was also specific about the issues on the Military and presented facts and figures which Ryan was not able to provide for. Bidden’s ability to actually dominate the debate and suggestion of increasing the military budget was something for which Ryan looked less prepared. Debate also touched upon the issue of Middle East and Bidden was able to put forward the arguments of having better relationships with Israel. Ryan actually attempted to suggest that relationships between Israel and US were deteriorating however, Bidden was convincing enough to actually highlight that the relationships between two countries have actually improved over the period of time. Bidden was also able to defend Afghan Issue and defended the policy of leaving Afghanistan and handing it over to Afghans with support from US. Ryan was however not been able to fully justify the

Development of a Strategy for the College of Business Administration Research Paper

Development of a Strategy for the College of Business Administration - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the authorities of the Arizona State University (ASU) led by its President have declared that their primary objective is to establish the institution as the ideal representative of an American University belonging to the modern era. The institution conducts majority of its educational endeavors to accomplish the three main objectives, which has been enumerated in the University’s Plan documents. ASU’s main objective is to provide higher education to the maximum number of US students that it can accommodate. The University makes its students undergo a standardized curriculum in their respective subjects and also encourages them to pursue research on their own. Finally, the institution ensures that all its academic endeavors are conducted in a way so as to improve the economic, social and cultural welfare of the surrounding social community. These have been identified as the vision of the ASU. The vision statements of the University reflect the inhere nt objectives of the institution. The statements can be further analyzed to provide some useful insight into the ASU authorities’ long-term goals. Most of the elite higher educational institutions have always set very high standards for the students aspiring to secure admission in them. However, the objectives of the ASU have been stated to be quite different in this respect. Instead of aiming to exclude the undeserving students, the University always looks to include the maximum number of students under its educational programs. ... The University makes its students undergo a standardized curriculum in their respective subjects and also encourages them to pursue research on their own. Finally, the institution ensures that all its academic endeavors are conducted in a way so as to improve the economic, social and cultural welfare of the surrounding social community. These have been identified as the vision of the ASU (ASU Vision and Goals, 2011). The vision statements of the University reflect the inherent objectives of the institution. The statements can be further analyzed to provide some useful insight into the ASU authorities’ long-term goals. Most of the elite higher educational institutions have always set very high standards for the students aspiring to secure admission in them. However, the objectives of the ASU have been stated to be quite different in this respect. Instead of aiming to exclude the undeserving students, the University always looks to include the maximum number of students under it s educational programs. Simultaneously, ASU has also concentrated in providing these students with a high standard of higher education. Therefore, the institution has been successful in achieving the twin objectives of making higher education accessible to a larger population of students, as well as securing a good reputation regarding the standard of education offered (ASU Vision and Goals, 2011). The ASU has also declared certain additional aims and objectives which it plans to implement by the year 2012. One such objective is to become a ‘National Comprehensive University’ by the specified timeline. The institution has set its sights in becoming the leading educational center for various scientific disciplines which also

Human Influence on Spread of Disease

Human Influence on Spread of Disease Through the last 40 years, concern about the spread of infectious disease has progressed due to the public becoming more concerned about infectious diseases major public health threats. Despite the fact that everything these days is hygienic, hypoallergenic, sterilized, and individually wrapped for your protection, over 30 infectious diseases have cropped up over the last twenty-five years (Patz Confalonieri, 2004). Even with all these precautions, Infectious diseases have become the leading cause of death in the world and the third in the United States. Mainly as a result of advancements in medical technology, people are living for a longer time than they ever used to. Even in undeveloped countries the population density has become more intense. Third world countries do not have sufficient sewage systems, pure drinking water, ample housing, or proper medical facilities to handle the rising population. Because of the increasing population, people are packed into congested megacities, many of which are in humid regions where the environment is ideal for infectious diseases to flourish in (Hay et al. 2005). Today, in the 21st century, there are over 24 megacities in the world, the majority of them in under developed nations. It is predicted that before the year 2010, half of the worlds inhabitants will be residing in congested urban locations (Hay et al. 2005). The existing economic situation is surely causing numerous rural people to relocate to cities to attain work. Various contagious illnesses that were formerly localized in rural areas are now capable of reaching larger populations by way of rural urbanization. The number of people that dwell in poverty inside large metropolitan areas has grown at an alarming rate. Urban impoverished areas are breeding grounds for diseases comparable to tuberculosis (Hay et al. 2005). Data compilations, completed in 1990, estimated that there were, 20 million refugees and 30 million displaced people in the world. (Patz Confaloniere, 2004) Entire population movements were largely due to political, economic or catastrophic events such as flooding, earthquakes and drought are crucial elements in disease development. Such crises lead to temporary living arrangements, such as refugee camps and short-term shelters, which become the perfect environment for the spread of infections. Short-term living spaces frequently share similarities with impoverished city areas. Some of those similarities are; overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, restricted access to medical attention, lack of uncontaminated water and food, displacement, and ineffective barriers for disease-carrying agents. An example is the movement of 500,000 800,000 Rwandan refugees into Zaire in 1994. Almost 50,000 refugees died during the first month from cholera. (Patz Confaloniere, 2004) Importing and Exporting of goods We dine on foods from the worlds gardens, except not all imported foods are healthy. Raspberries from Guatemala made a great many Americans sick on account of a parasite known as Cyclosporine, which was in the water that was used to spray and water the raspberries. Potential disease-ridden bugs and tainted foods, vegetation, and other goods cross U.S. borders on daily basis. Ever since the 1980s, the quantity of imported food to the U.S. has doubled. Increases in food imports have endangered the nations food protection procedure. Despite the fact that we depend on the FDA, USDA and additional government organizations to safeguard our food supply, the number of inspections have reduced by 50% of what they had been a few years back (Garrett, 1996). Due to the worlds countries steadily become more entwined, inter-reliant, and extremely competitive, will the other nations of the world adjust their values to become more akin to those of the U.S. or will the U.S., regardless of elevated principles, turn out to be more susceptible to the rest of the worlds germs? (Garrett, 1996) Sexual Promiscuity and Drug Use The most recent epidemic on a worldwide scale is HIV/Aids. HIV/Aids appeared in 1979 but it was until the mid 1980s that the disease was given a name. Thirty years later there is still no cure for this disease. HIV/Aids are spread through body fluids with the main ways of becoming effected are through sexual contact and intravenous drug use. In 1997 it was estimated by UNAIDS (United Nations special program on the AIDS epidemic, that over 16,000 people worldwide were being infected with the HIV virus every day. This epidemic has shown the world that we are continually defending ourselves from an army of microscopic organisms that can emerge or mutate at any time (Eberstadt, 2002). Intravenous drug use continues to spread the disease far beyond those who inject drugs. Anyone who has sex with an intravenous drug user is at great risk of contracting the disease. Then to make matters worse, children born to HIV infected mothers may also become infected. Since the beginning of the HIV/Aids, intravenous drug use has either directly or indirectly accounted for over 36% of all Aids cases in the U.S. Racial and ethnic minority people in the U.S. are at the greatest risk. It is not only intravenous drug users that are at risk because studies have shown that crack smokers are three times more likely to contract Aids than those who do not smoke crack. Sixty-one percent of all women infected with the HIV virus had contracted it through sexual contact (Eberstadt, 2002). It is predicted that in the 21st century, the group with the highest risk will be children under the age of 15. In 1997, over half a million children, worldwide, under 15 years old had contracted HIV through birth by infected mothers, sexual contact, and drug use. HIV/Aids is the second leading cause of death for Americans between the ages of 25 and 44. HIV/Aids is the leading cause of death for African American men and women between 25 and 44 years of age. Over half of the reported Aids cases in 1997 were among young homosexual men and 49% of infected women were infected heterosexually (Eberstadt, 2002). The HIV/Aids epidemic has also been the cause of another epidemic; Millions of children are being orphaned by HIV/Aids infected parents, quoted by Eberstadt, (2002). Changes in climate due to Global Warming Numerous transmittable diseases are extremely receptive to climatic shifts, mainly in temperature, surface water, and moisture. It is evident that climatic shifts are taking place as a result of increased emissions of green house gases. The main causes of climatic shifts are caused by human influences. The typical global surface temperature since AD 1000 began to increase around 1975. From 1975 to 2001, the worlds typical surface temperature has increased by .4 degrees Celsius. It is estimated that over the next century, the typical surface temperature will increase 2-3 degrees Celsius (IPCC 2001). According to Karl and Trenberth (2003), This change in temperature will soon exceed the bounds of natural variability. The frequency and geographical span of selected plant and animal infectious diseases has apparently altered, to some extent in reaction to climate shifts over recent years. Many infectious diseases are greatly influenced by the altering of local, regional, and global ecosystems that is being done by humans. In tropical regions, dams that were created by humans to store water for irrigation and hydroelectric power have made it possible for water borne diseases to expand in populated areas where they were previously nonexistent. (Harvell et al. 2002). Human transferable diseases are attributed to an intricate range of conditions making it hard to know precisely what the effects are as a result of climate variation alone. Even so, some data exists regarding an influence of recent climate change on Cholera in Bangladesh, tick-borne Encephalitis in Sweden, and Malaria in regions of eastern Africa (Lindgren Gustafson, 2001). There has been extensive research done to establish how human diseases such as malaria and dengue fever will react to the scope of worldwide climate shifts that are projected to take place over the next century. A great deal more research needs to be completed to conclude how climatic variations will effect microbial mutation and how the recent increase in severe weather events and natural disasters will affect the dispersion of communicable diseases (Kuno, 1995). Dengue fever is affected by urbanization, travel, trade, and weather conditions. Dengue is by far the most notable vector-borne viral disease of humans. This disease is extremely likely to become affected by worldwide climate alteration. Approx. 80 million cases of Dengue fever are reported each year, of which 20,000 die. Dengue is primarily a tropical disease and has expanded in recent decades to nations with moderate climates. The increase in the number of cases is also attributed to an increase in human mobility via air travel (Monath, 1994). The Dengue virus breeds in stagnate water locations that are commonly found in the urban environment. This virus strain has accomplished extraordinary evolutionary adjustment to coexist with humans, having originated in the tropical forests of Africa. It has been determined by scientific research, that Dengue is one of the main communicable diseases most expected to be affected by international climate shifts all the way through the 21st century and farther into the future (Monath, 1994). Many infectious diseases are greatly influenced by the altering of local, regional, and global ecosystems that is being done by humans. In tropical regions, dams that were created by humans to store water for irrigation and hydroelectric power have made it possible for water borne diseases to expand in populated areas where they were previously nonexistent (Kuno, 1995). Methodology The research for this article is qualitative in nature. Qualitative research is a method of used by many academic subjects, such as; social sciences and marketing research. Qualitative researchers have a goal of learning about human behavior (e.g. why and how people do what they do). This types of research focuses on researching specific items of a topic instead of the whole topic and all of its variables. The research conducted for this paper was focused on six human influenced factors that may or may not be the cause of increased spreading of infectious diseases. A small sampling of specific infectious diseases is discussed in relation to the factors that were researched. Data Collection Method The grounded theory data collection method was used for this paper. Grounded theory is used to form a theory or to prove or disprove a current theory from the data retrieved during the process of conducting research. Analysis of data: Interpretive techniques The most common analysis of qualitative data is observer impression. That is, expert or bystander observers examine the existing documented data, interpret it via forming an impression and report their impression in a structured and sometimes quantitative form. Limitations The research for this paper has determined that not all infectious diseases have been positively linked to modern day factors. Research in this field is in progress. In order for scientists to determine the factors causing the spread or mutation of a disease, they must first determine the cause of each factor. For example: it has been only recently, that the main cause of climate changes was human influence, had been discovered. Summary Research on all six factors was conducted by reading and compiling recorded data on factors and the diseases. It was determined that several very serious infectious diseases can be linked to one or more the researched factors. In the last 40 years over thirty new, renewed, or mutated diseases have plagued the world. It was also discovered that all of the factors were influenced by humans. It is my opinion that there is only one main factor that causes the spread of infectious disease, and that factor is humans. Conclusion Many of the past diseases that cause worldwide pandemics are still alive and mutating today. One of the biggest threats for the 21st century is the influenza virus. The flu virus constantly mutates and becomes immune to vaccines very quickly. The most recent deadly strain is H1N1 (Nipah virus) also known as the swine flu, and also recently the bird flu (Fong, 2008). According the St. Johns Providence Health System, In the first 10 years of this century, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) have noticed a disturbing trend. The number of people diagnosed with diseases such as West Nile, Monkey Pox, and Hantavirus has risen greatly. Diseases that had once been nearly wiped out, such as measles, mumps, pertussis, and malaria, have reappeared. And to top it all off, the spread of sexually transmitted diseases like tuberculosis and Aids appear to be accelerating again. St. Johns Providence Health System feels that the reason for the escalation is the way humans live. A few of those reasons are: (2010) Weakened immune systems caused by genetics, other diseases, and malnutrition. Clearing forests and wetlands increases humans exposure to rats. Giving antibiotics to farm animals. The increase in worldwide natural disasters. War and biological weapons. Authors note: It will certainly take global efforts to control the spread of infectious disease. It seems that humans have been messing with Mother Nature and she is not very happy about it.

International Communication

Declaration l, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CANALLED/301 regarding technical and presentation requirements, reference techniques and plagiarism. Table Of Contents Page Introduction Essay: Globalization & South Africa Conclusion Sources 2 5 6 The term ‘globalization' gives rise to a lot of different meanings and interpretations.Globalization has its own negative and positive effects on the world today. It has opened the free markets which enables trades between countries, and therefore increases the living standards in these particular countries. However, there are still some developing countries that have fallen behind and have not kept up with the pace of change of development. It has had many impacts both negative and positive on South Africa and its people. Globalization & South Africa Page | 2 As an emerging democracy, in the past South Africa had to contend with the demands of both national and international issues.This included rising unemployment, poverty and inequality. At the same time, South Africa had to become a contender in the globalizes world of capital, trade and changes in technology. The free market that has been created by globalization has allowed for less developed countries to learn from more developed countries, therefore allowing people to advance and succeed economically. Globalization affects South Africans lives in so many ways. Most times it seems we are a land that is stuck between our interesting yet difficult past while trying to move forward to embrace all that the future could old.Often poorer countries that are not connected to people globally, are unskilled due to the lack of knowledge and equipment. They are also unable to trade with the other countries which are richer and larger as they are unable to meet the demand. Enabling pe ople of one nation to communicate with those of other nations is the biggest achievement in terms of globalization. It has provided the production market with an improved access to a wide range of foreign products and as a result, globalization has increased and helped in the production of goods for import and export.By increasing production and lowering costs, South Africa is able to take advantage of access to these free markets and allow for more trading with international consumers. This will help the country to not only increase export profits but also employment. An important factor of globalization is that it is able to remove barriers and promote mobility. By opening borders it exposes people to opportunities for example – as established company like Macdonald is able to expand their countries like South Africa. Thus creating employment and strengthening the economy.This exposes young South African entrepreneurs to more advanced ways ND ‘know-how in running a bu siness. The globalization of the economy and the demands on the workforce that goes with it, requires an education that allows learners to think independently, to exercise Judgment and teamwork to make sense of new situations. Education teaches how to learn, problem-solve and incorporate the old with the new in our ever changing society. Foreign interest and investment will be directly linked to education and training.Due to increased competition from globalization, companies are more willing to aid their employees with courses or financially with studies. This enables them to be more efficient and effective within the organization. â€Å"Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. The standard of living includes factors such as income, quality and availability of employment. † (www. Wisped. Org) According to this definition of standard of living, globalizati on has a positive influence on a developing country such as South Africa. It increases the availability of goods, opportunities and potential of income for South Africa. Poverty stricken countries are instantly playing ‘catch-up' with the rest of the world in terms of technological advances. The standard of living is measured by the income per person which has increased in South Africa over time, thus proving that globalization has had a positive impact on the economy of South Africa.Page | 4 Due to globalization, South Africa has had the opportunity to ‘rub shoulders' with economic giants such as the United States, Japan, United Kingdom and China. This enables our country to learn from other countries and stabilize our economic infrastructure. South Africa has been able to learn better methods of communication, rainspout and distribution networks that make business activity possible. With globalization we can learn to constantly improve and develop our economic infrastr ucture from power house economies. Government regulation is when the legislative and executive branches set and enact laws that determine how a specific task, business, or industry is supposed to run. † (wry. Answers. Ask. Com) For a developing country such as South Africa to gain knowledge on regulation regarding laws, ideas or patterns of behavior from across the globe, it is important to have good relations with first world leaders. The different levels and branches in government are there to help deal with issues the country faces, but sometimes this inequality in power has devastating effects.State power and functions are sometimes abused and this has a direct impact on the citizens and development of the country. Information technology is a driving force of globalization and the advancement of video calling and teleconferencing making business that much more efficient, it increases the communication processes. Technology has something to do with change. Most of the innov ations from the technological advances have very important effects on the lives of peoples of the world, which has witnessed radical changes.The use and production of CIT plays an important role in the ability of nations to participate in global economic activities. Conclusion Page I All sectors including economic, political, technological, cultural and environmental are directly affected by, and fall under the ‘umbrella' of globalization. The term and definition of globalization shows us how we are all interconnected and interdependent in some way and how our lives have taken shape around the rapid and ongoing changes in the world.

Language of ‘Abigail’s Party’ Emily Huntley Essay

Mike Leigh used to be one of a kind, famous for creating movies through an unusual process that involves extensive rehearsals and improvisations with his actors; a process that begins weeks before anyone picks up a camera. In each of his plays, he has depicted the often-uneventful lives of ordinary people. The results are always far from conventional. And it is through his success that many directors are now using his techniques to capture the texture of everyday life. Leigh achieves this commonness in the majority through his language, although the whole play is based on naturalism, he uses this technique to capture the essence of each characters persona. I think this technique is particularly successful, as the audience finds it easy to relate themselves to the evening unravelling before them, and manage to put themselves in the situations of the characters. Lawrence My first impression of Lawrence was that he was an well-educated, cultured man, who was simply a good social mixer but this is the aim of Leigh. He wanted the audience to believe the opposite of Lawrence and then have their thoughts ‘dashed’. In a way I believe that this makes the audience feel vulnerable as if they’ve been deceived and they then seek comfort in one of the other characters which seem simple and honest and therefore they find themselves ‘delving’ into the play further. Lawrence speaks in a polite and precise manner ‘Ah, yes-now, when would you be best for you? †¦No, no, I’ll fall in with you, Mrs Cushing.’ (Page 2) this enforces the idea of him being a well brought up man and hopefully in his eyes achieving the idea that his guests consider him of a high social class. Leigh also used the language of the character Lawrence to make him persuasive and condescending, ‘I don’t only like Minis-I like lots of other cars. But I find the Mini economical, efficient and reliable.’ (Page 8) this is a good example of the ‘rule of 3’ a strong persuasive technique, this is how he enforces his ideas on others and appears so domineering and always seems to be right as no one has the courage to object. Generally Lawrence’s speech is direct and focused, he speaks when spoken to and rarely initiates a conversation, unless asking probing questions to prove his wealth and class over the other guests Ã¢â‚¬Ë œYou have a car, do you? (Page 8). Although Lawrence’s vocabulary is relatively simple, he still uses this to his advantage by trying to better himself and prove his supposedly higher social status ‘Macbeth. Part of our heritage’. This also links to Lawrence’s frequent ‘name dropping’ this is in an attempt to try and appear culturally educated, with references to ‘Van Gogh’ ‘Shakespeare’ ‘Lowry’ etc. Lawrence also frequently uses questions in his dialect, this is to distract guests from a previous topic that may be a bit ‘uncomfortable’ for him, and so that he feels as though he is remaining control, he can choose what subject to initiate a conversation with ‘You’ve got footballer’s legs, though, haven’t you? †¦ Talking of Paris, Sue, do you like art?’ Another technique Leigh used in Lawrence’s character, are put-downs. This is achieved by the use of rhetorical questions. ‘What would you know about taste? (Page 48). And also by repetition of the persons name who he’s talking to. ‘I’ve seen to the drinks, thank you, Beverly!’ (Page 42), in this is example it is used as a ‘put down’ to remind Beverly to look around and compose herself. Throughout the play, Leigh rarely uses poetic language or imagery, with few metaphors and no symbolism. Lawrence is a prime example of this as he is a simple dialect character. Beverly When I initially read the play, I thought the whole plot pivoted around Beverly and how bad a hostess she was. I later found this not to be true. After seeing the play I realised that Beverly is actually a very good host, this is proved when she leaves the room, and the conversation withers. She also dominates the play, with her monologues, and comical ‘mickey’ taking of Lawrence. In Abigail’s Party Beverly is the only character to frequently swear with no apparent acknowledgement for her guests. ‘Oh sod off Lawrence’ (Page 49). This although may be offensive to some, shows the extreme contrast between the ‘nouveaux riches’ and the true middle class, such as Sue. Throughout the play Beverly uses a patronising tone, but I feel this isn’t a condescending technique, but rather being too honest ‘Please don’t be offended when I say this, but, you’re wearing a very pretty dress, If I may say so; now, you see that pink ribbon down the front? If you’d chosen, Ang, a colour slightly nearer that pink, I think it would have blended more with your skin tones;’ (Page 10). In this example, I feel that she is trying to make Ang feel better in herself. Although this does prove how materialistic Bev is as she thinks that making yourself look better solves all problems. Beverly babbles incessantly, is garrulous, and uses a lot of personal anecdotes in her dialect. ‘Now my bloke had told me to turn left, right? Now we come to the first give way, and the bloke in front slammed his brakes on. Now, I’m going behind him and I suppose I’m going a little bit too quick with me nerves; so I slam on my brakes and I went slap into the back of him.’ (Page 9). This is a clear example of Beverly’s long and complex sentences, although she also uses short simple sentences ‘Lawrence you’re going to get heartburn’ (Page 2). Beverly is also very colloquial in the way that she speaks, and this makes it easier for the audience to familiarise themselves with her. Similarly to Lawrence, Beverly also ‘name drops’ to appear culturally educated ‘Beaujolais’ (Page 11) although from the quote ‘Oh it’s Beaujolais. Fantastic! Won’t be a sec, I’ll just pop it in the fridge.'(Page 11) You can tell that Bev clearly has no idea about wine etc. like we originally thought. Generally speaking Beverly is the main character to initiate conversation, she keeps everyone involved and the conversation flowing. She also reiterates a lot to confirm and seek approval, assurance and affirmation. Beverly has a few peculiarities of speech, including the adjectives ‘Great’ and ‘Fantastic’. These are character phrases enable the audience to link these certain words to her, and expect them, I feel this makes the audience feel more at ease with Bev, or simply more irritated by her. Similarly to Lawrence, Beverly also never uses imagery, symbolism, metaphors or poetic language. But unsurprisingly for her character there are frequent sexual innuendoes ‘He’s got a firm handshake, hasn’t he?’ (Page 5) ‘Tone, you can’t do much with a bed-head, can you?’ (Page 7). Angela As a person, Ang is a simple and satisfied working class newly wed. Her sentences can be long, but this is purely due to her rambling and not knowing when to stop. ‘Oh, what a lovely table. This is just what we need. It’s the next thing we’re going to get. ‘Cos at the moment we’re eating off our knees. It’s unusual, isn’t it – with the wooden top and modern legs.’ (Page 22) Her conversation seems to be pretty pointless as she doesn’t seem to have anything of any value to add to the discussion. But similarly to Bev she also includes simple sentences to make her dialect feel more naturalistic. When comparing the characters I think it is possible to state that Ang is the most colloquial of all of them, as she is most informal, and although her grammar is a little ‘shakey’ it seems to be easier for the audience to accept her on face value as she is too honest and genuine to be hiding anything. Ang uses questions to seek assurance, and also to encourage people to engage with her, as it provokes a response. ‘Isn’t she?’ Ang uses personal anecdotes to inform the audience of her character, although the comic element that Leigh included was how she seems completely oblivious to her boundaries, and therefore makes herself look foolish. ‘Tony had a bad experience in an Indian restaurant – this was before I knew him†¦He had a nasty dose of gastro-enteritis after he’d had a curry, and you see that put him off. (Page 25). This medical reference shows hoe educated she is and reflects her job as a nurse. I feel it is the fact that Ang is too blunt and open to use any form of innuendoes, or symbolism, that makes it so easy for the audience to accept her. Tony Tony is a very reserved character; he rarely uses full sentences, but rather one-word replies, this makes him appear constrained and unnatural which is why I believe it is not so surprising when he raises his voice at Ang as the audience can see the tension building inside him. He never initiates conversation, as that would mean replies to more questions. He often uses slang, or colloquial language ‘top’ ‘ta’. Leigh also included various imperative or instructive verbs ‘leave it’ ‘stand up’ ‘turn that fucking record off’ (Page 51), but these are only ever commanded at Ang, and explains why the audience and guests never agree with Ang when she seems to find him domineering. Tony’s humour seems to be very ‘dry’ in that he finds his own things funny, rather than sharing a universal joke. Tony is the only character to use silence as a defence and attack mechanism. As we’ve seen with Bev and Lawren ce they’d rather shout at each other to resolve problems. Tony uses silence to create a tension and most often with Ang and therefore making her look stupid, in front of their company, clearly showing an imbalance in their relationship. Sue It is clear from the beginning of the play that Sue is of the highest social class in the group. Originally I though Sue was a well brought up and highly well mannered person, but when studying the play I realised the opposite. I felt that Sue is very rude and off-putting to the people around her as she has a lack of curiosity, she doesn’t seem to show any interest in them and clearly doesn’t want them to show any in her. She only speaks when spoken to, and never repays the question. When she does answer questions it’s always unexpansive, short; clipt one-word answers ‘Yes’. It is clear from her dialect that she is uncomfortable and intimidated by the other characters. Her language is very unnatural and similar to that of a guide book. Her vocabulary is old fashioned, formal, and grammar school style. ‘Daren’t’ ‘Aren’t’. Otherwise it’s quite simple and easily understood so it doesn’t require any explanations. She never uses colloquial or slang vocabulary. She rarely uses questions in her dialogue as this would initiate conversation. She keeps herself to herself and doesn’t want to probe or get involved into either of the troublesome marriages in front of her. Her character phrases seem to be reliant on her politeness ‘Yes please’ ‘No thank you’. It is possible to say that she is trapped by her own politeness, She doesn’t have the nerve to leave the party, which she clearly doesn’t want to be at. Throughout the play she remains completely unassertive right until the end when her guard drops, and she tells Bev to ‘Shut up’ (Page 53). Language is a key tool that all playwrights use to distinguish the differences and similarities between each of the characters. The character phrases and accents help the audience to realise the different backgrounds and diversity of the characters. Contributing to the visual aspects, lines give a sense of place and person and how the characters interact with one another.